Summary

The RED was adopted in 2009 and replaced the 2001 RES, which was limited to renewable electricity. The directive proposes a framework for promoting renewable energy and includes binding targets for 2020 and introduced GOs for renewable electricity.

• RED II refers to recasting the RED, and including targets for 2030,
• RED III is a term used to describe possible recast based on the fit-for-55 announcement made in 2021, and
• RED IV is similar but relevant to the 2022 REPowerEU proposal.

The renewable energy share target has consistently been increased over each proposal. Furthermore, RFNBOs have also come under increasing focus.